These granules destroy pathogens by either activating membrane-bound NADPH oxidase to generate reactive oxygen species or through proteolysis to destroy the integrity of bacterial membranes or cytoderms. Neutrophils contain the following four types of granules: azurophil (also known as primary) granules, specific (also known as secondary) granules, gelatinase (also known as tertiary) granules and secretory granules. Neutrophils primarily eliminate pathogens in two ways: (i) secretion of cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-18 and IL-37, to recruit and activate additional phagocytes to the infection site and (ii) phagocytosing microbes, primarily dependent on their granules. Upon host infection, neutrophils are typically the first responders recruited from haematopoietic tissue and travel through the vasculature to infected sites. Neutrophils constitute the most abundant circulating leukocytes and play important roles in the innate immune system, with essential functions related to host defence against invading pathogens. Furthermore, our findings suggested that npsn-deficient and -overexpressing zebrafish might serve as effective models of in vivo innate immunity. These findings demonstrated that zebrafish Npsn promotes host defence against bacterial infection. Upon infection with Escherichia coli, the npsn smu5 mutants exhibited a lower survival rate and more severe bacterial burden, as well as augmented inflammatory response to challenge with infection when compared with wild-type embryos, whereas npsn-overexpressing zebrafish exhibited enhanced host defence against E. The overall development and number of neutrophils remained unchanged in npsn-deficient mutants, whereas neutrophil antibacterial function was defective. Here, we generated an npsn mutant ( npsn smu5) via CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the in vivo function of Npsn. Zebrafish nephrosin ( npsn) is specifically expressed in neutrophils however, its function is largely unknown. Neutrophils play important roles in innate immunity and are mainly dependent on various enzyme-containing granules to kill engulfed microorganisms.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |